2. Basic Recipes

The following recipes demonstrate some of the capabilities of the GPIO Zero library. Please note that all recipes are written assuming Python 3. Recipes may work under Python 2, but no guarantees!

2.1. Importing GPIO Zero

In Python, libraries and functions used in a script must be imported by name at the top of the file, with the exception of the functions built into Python by default.

For example, to use the Button interface from GPIO Zero, it should be explicitly imported:

from gpiozero import Button

Now Button is available directly in your script:

button = Button(2)

Alternatively, the whole GPIO Zero library can be imported:

import gpiozero

In this case, all references to items within GPIO Zero must be prefixed:

button = gpiozero.Button(2)

2.2. Pin Numbering

This library uses Broadcom (BCM) pin numbering for the GPIO pins, as opposed to physical (BOARD) numbering. Unlike in the RPi.GPIO library, this is not configurable. However, translation from other schemes can be used by providing prefixes to pin numbers (see below).

Any pin marked “GPIO” in the diagram below can be used as a pin number. For example, if an LED was attached to “GPIO17” you would specify the pin number as 17 rather than 11:

_images/pin_layout.svg

If you wish to use physical (BOARD) numbering you can specify the pin number as “BOARD11”. If you are familiar with the wiringPi pin numbers (another physical layout) you could use “WPI0” instead. Finally, you can specify pins as “header:number”, e.g. “J8:11” meaning physical pin 11 on header J8 (the GPIO header on modern Pis). Hence, the following lines are all equivalent:

>>> led = LED(17)
>>> led = LED("GPIO17")
>>> led = LED("BCM17")
>>> led = LED("BOARD11")
>>> led = LED("WPI0")
>>> led = LED("J8:11")

Note that these alternate schemes are merely translations. If you request the state of a device on the command line, the associated pin number will always be reported in the Broadcom (BCM) scheme:

>>> led = LED("BOARD11")
>>> led
<gpiozero.LED object on pin GPIO17, active_high=True, is_active=False>

Throughout this manual we will use the default integer pin numbers, in the Broadcom (BCM) layout shown above.

2.3. LED

_images/led_bb.svg

Turn an LED on and off repeatedly:

from gpiozero import LED
from time import sleep

red = LED(17)

while True:
    red.on()
    sleep(1)
    red.off()
    sleep(1)

Alternatively:

from gpiozero import LED
from signal import pause

red = LED(17)

red.blink()

pause()

Note

Reaching the end of a Python script will terminate the process and GPIOs may be reset. Keep your script alive with signal.pause(). See How do I keep my script running? for more information.

2.4. LED with variable brightness

_images/led_bb.svg

Any regular LED can have its brightness value set using PWM (pulse-width-modulation). In GPIO Zero, this can be achieved using PWMLED using values between 0 and 1:

from gpiozero import PWMLED
from time import sleep

led = PWMLED(17)

while True:
    led.value = 0  # off
    sleep(1)
    led.value = 0.5  # half brightness
    sleep(1)
    led.value = 1  # full brightness
    sleep(1)

Similarly to blinking on and off continuously, a PWMLED can pulse (fade in and out continuously):

from gpiozero import PWMLED
from signal import pause

led = PWMLED(17)

led.pulse()

pause()

2.5. Button

_images/button_bb.svg

Check if a Button is pressed:

from gpiozero import Button

button = Button(2)

while True:
    if button.is_pressed:
        print("Button is pressed")
    else:
        print("Button is not pressed")

Wait for a button to be pressed before continuing:

from gpiozero import Button

button = Button(2)

button.wait_for_press()
print("Button was pressed")

Run a function every time the button is pressed:

from gpiozero import Button
from signal import pause

def say_hello():
    print("Hello!")

button = Button(2)

button.when_pressed = say_hello

pause()

Note

Note that the line button.when_pressed = say_hello does not run the function say_hello, rather it creates a reference to the function to be called when the button is pressed. Accidental use of button.when_pressed = say_hello() would set the when_pressed action to None (the return value of this function) which would mean nothing happens when the button is pressed.

Similarly, functions can be attached to button releases:

from gpiozero import Button
from signal import pause

def say_hello():
    print("Hello!")

def say_goodbye():
    print("Goodbye!")

button = Button(2)

button.when_pressed = say_hello
button.when_released = say_goodbye

pause()

2.6. Button controlled LED

_images/led_button_bb.svg

Turn on an LED when a Button is pressed:

from gpiozero import LED, Button
from signal import pause

led = LED(17)
button = Button(2)

button.when_pressed = led.on
button.when_released = led.off

pause()

Alternatively:

from gpiozero import LED, Button
from signal import pause

led = LED(17)
button = Button(2)

led.source = button

pause()

2.7. Button controlled camera

Using the button press to trigger PiCamera to take a picture using button.when_pressed = camera.capture would not work because the capture() method requires an output parameter. However, this can be achieved using a custom function which requires no parameters:

from gpiozero import Button
from picamera import PiCamera
from datetime import datetime
from signal import pause

button = Button(2)
camera = PiCamera()

def capture():
    camera.capture(f'/home/pi/{datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S}.jpg')

button.when_pressed = capture

pause()

Another example could use one button to start and stop the camera preview, and another to capture:

from gpiozero import Button
from picamera import PiCamera
from datetime import datetime
from signal import pause

left_button = Button(2)
right_button = Button(3)
camera = PiCamera()

def capture():
    camera.capture(f'/home/pi/{datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S}.jpg')

left_button.when_pressed = camera.start_preview
left_button.when_released = camera.stop_preview
right_button.when_pressed = capture

pause()

2.8. Shutdown button

The Button class also provides the ability to run a function when the button has been held for a given length of time. This example will shut down the Raspberry Pi when the button is held for 2 seconds:

from gpiozero import Button
from subprocess import check_call
from signal import pause

def shutdown():
    check_call(['sudo', 'poweroff'])

shutdown_btn = Button(17, hold_time=2)
shutdown_btn.when_held = shutdown

pause()

2.9. LEDBoard

_images/ledboard_bb.svg

A collection of LEDs can be accessed using LEDBoard:

from gpiozero import LEDBoard
from time import sleep
from signal import pause

leds = LEDBoard(5, 6, 13, 19, 26)

leds.on()
sleep(1)
leds.off()
sleep(1)
leds.value = (1, 0, 1, 0, 1)
sleep(1)
leds.blink()

pause()

Using LEDBoard with pwm=True allows each LED’s brightness to be controlled:

from gpiozero import LEDBoard
from signal import pause

leds = LEDBoard(5, 6, 13, 19, 26, pwm=True)

leds.value = (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0)

pause()

See more LEDBoard examples in the advanced LEDBoard recipes.

2.10. LEDBarGraph

_images/ledbargraph_bb.svg

A collection of LEDs can be treated like a bar graph using LEDBarGraph:

from gpiozero import LEDBarGraph
from time import sleep

graph = LEDBarGraph(5, 6, 13, 19, 26, 20)

graph.value = 1  # (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
sleep(1)
graph.value = 1/2  # (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
sleep(1)
graph.value = -1/2  # (0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1)
sleep(1)
graph.value = 1/4  # (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
sleep(1)
graph.value = -1  # (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
sleep(1)

Note values are essentially rounded to account for the fact LEDs can only be on or off when pwm=False (the default).

However, using LEDBarGraph with pwm=True allows more precise values using LED brightness:

from gpiozero import LEDBarGraph
from time import sleep

graph = LEDBarGraph(5, 6, 13, 19, 26, pwm=True)

graph.value = 1/10  # (0.5, 0, 0, 0, 0)
sleep(1)
graph.value = 3/10  # (1, 0.5, 0, 0, 0)
sleep(1)
graph.value = -3/10  # (0, 0, 0, 0.5, 1)
sleep(1)
graph.value = 9/10  # (1, 1, 1, 1, 0.5)
sleep(1)
graph.value = 95/100  # (1, 1, 1, 1, 0.75)
sleep(1)

2.11. LEDCharDisplay

_images/led_char_display_bb.svg

A common 7-segment display can be used to represent a variety of characters using LEDCharDisplay (which actually supports an arbitrary number of segments):

from gpiozero import LEDCharDisplay
from time import sleep

display = LEDCharDisplay(21, 20, 16, 22, 23, 24, 12, dp=25)

for char in '321GO':
    display.value = char
    sleep(1)

display.off()

Alternatively:

from gpiozero import LEDCharDisplay
from signal import pause

display = LEDCharDisplay(21, 20, 16, 22, 23, 24, 12, dp=25)
display.source_delay = 1
display.source = '321GO '

pause()

See a multi-character example in the advanced recipes chapter.

2.12. Traffic Lights

_images/traffic_lights_bb.svg

A full traffic lights system.

Using a TrafficLights kit like Pi-Stop:

from gpiozero import TrafficLights
from time import sleep

lights = TrafficLights(2, 3, 4)

lights.green.on()

while True:
    sleep(10)
    lights.green.off()
    lights.amber.on()
    sleep(1)
    lights.amber.off()
    lights.red.on()
    sleep(10)
    lights.amber.on()
    sleep(1)
    lights.green.on()
    lights.amber.off()
    lights.red.off()

Alternatively:

from gpiozero import TrafficLights
from time import sleep
from signal import pause

lights = TrafficLights(2, 3, 4)

def traffic_light_sequence():
    while True:
        yield (0, 0, 1) # green
        sleep(10)
        yield (0, 1, 0) # amber
        sleep(1)
        yield (1, 0, 0) # red
        sleep(10)
        yield (1, 1, 0) # red+amber
        sleep(1)

lights.source = traffic_light_sequence()

pause()

Using LED components:

from gpiozero import LED
from time import sleep

red = LED(2)
amber = LED(3)
green = LED(4)

green.on()
amber.off()
red.off()

while True:
    sleep(10)
    green.off()
    amber.on()
    sleep(1)
    amber.off()
    red.on()
    sleep(10)
    amber.on()
    sleep(1)
    green.on()
    amber.off()
    red.off()

2.13. Push button stop motion

Capture a picture with the camera module every time a button is pressed:

from gpiozero import Button
from picamera import PiCamera

button = Button(2)
camera = PiCamera()

camera.start_preview()
frame = 1
while True:
    button.wait_for_press()
    camera.capture(f'/home/pi/frame{frame:03d}.jpg')
    frame += 1

See Push Button Stop Motion for a full resource.

2.14. Reaction Game

_images/reaction_game_bb.svg

When you see the light come on, the first person to press their button wins!

from gpiozero import Button, LED
from time import sleep
import random

led = LED(17)

player_1 = Button(2)
player_2 = Button(3)

time = random.uniform(5, 10)
sleep(time)
led.on()

while True:
    if player_1.is_pressed:
        print("Player 1 wins!")
        break
    if player_2.is_pressed:
        print("Player 2 wins!")
        break

led.off()

See Quick Reaction Game for a full resource.

2.15. GPIO Music Box

_images/music_box_bb.svg

Each button plays a different sound!

from gpiozero import Button
import pygame.mixer
from pygame.mixer import Sound
from signal import pause

pygame.mixer.init()

button_sounds = {
    Button(2): Sound("samples/drum_tom_mid_hard.wav"),
    Button(3): Sound("samples/drum_cymbal_open.wav"),
}

for button, sound in button_sounds.items():
    button.when_pressed = sound.play

pause()

See GPIO Music Box for a full resource.

2.16. All on when pressed

While the button is pressed down, the buzzer and all the lights come on.

FishDish:

from gpiozero import FishDish
from signal import pause

fish = FishDish()

fish.button.when_pressed = fish.on
fish.button.when_released = fish.off

pause()

Ryanteck TrafficHat:

from gpiozero import TrafficHat
from signal import pause

th = TrafficHat()

th.button.when_pressed = th.on
th.button.when_released = th.off

pause()

Using LED, Buzzer, and Button components:

from gpiozero import LED, Buzzer, Button
from signal import pause

button = Button(2)
buzzer = Buzzer(3)
red = LED(4)
amber = LED(5)
green = LED(6)

things = [red, amber, green, buzzer]

def things_on():
    for thing in things:
        thing.on()

def things_off():
    for thing in things:
        thing.off()

button.when_pressed = things_on
button.when_released = things_off

pause()

2.17. Full color LED

_images/rgb_led_bb.svg

Making colours with an RGBLED:

from gpiozero import RGBLED
from time import sleep

led = RGBLED(red=9, green=10, blue=11)

led.red = 1  # full red
sleep(1)
led.red = 0.5  # half red
sleep(1)

led.color = (0, 1, 0)  # full green
sleep(1)
led.color = (1, 0, 1)  # magenta
sleep(1)
led.color = (1, 1, 0)  # yellow
sleep(1)
led.color = (0, 1, 1)  # cyan
sleep(1)
led.color = (1, 1, 1)  # white
sleep(1)

led.color = (0, 0, 0)  # off
sleep(1)

# slowly increase intensity of blue
for n in range(100):
    led.blue = n/100
    sleep(0.1)

2.18. Motion sensor

_images/motion_sensor_bb.svg

Light an LED when a MotionSensor detects motion:

from gpiozero import MotionSensor, LED
from signal import pause

pir = MotionSensor(4)
led = LED(16)

pir.when_motion = led.on
pir.when_no_motion = led.off

pause()

2.19. Light sensor

_images/light_sensor_bb.svg

Have a LightSensor detect light and dark:

from gpiozero import LightSensor

sensor = LightSensor(18)

while True:
    sensor.wait_for_light()
    print("It's light! :)")
    sensor.wait_for_dark()
    print("It's dark :(")

Run a function when the light changes:

from gpiozero import LightSensor, LED
from signal import pause

sensor = LightSensor(18)
led = LED(16)

sensor.when_dark = led.on
sensor.when_light = led.off

pause()

Or make a PWMLED change brightness according to the detected light level:

from gpiozero import LightSensor, PWMLED
from signal import pause

sensor = LightSensor(18)
led = PWMLED(16)

led.source = sensor

pause()

2.20. Distance sensor

_images/distance_sensor_bb.svg

Note

In the diagram above, the wires leading from the sensor to the breadboard can be omitted; simply plug the sensor directly into the breadboard facing the edge (unfortunately this is difficult to illustrate in the diagram without the sensor’s diagram obscuring most of the breadboard!)

Have a DistanceSensor detect the distance to the nearest object:

from gpiozero import DistanceSensor
from time import sleep

sensor = DistanceSensor(23, 24)

while True:
    print('Distance to nearest object is', sensor.distance, 'm')
    sleep(1)

Run a function when something gets near the sensor:

from gpiozero import DistanceSensor, LED
from signal import pause

sensor = DistanceSensor(23, 24, max_distance=1, threshold_distance=0.2)
led = LED(16)

sensor.when_in_range = led.on
sensor.when_out_of_range = led.off

pause()

2.21. Rotary encoder

_images/color_picker_bb.svg

Note

In this recipe, I’ve used a common anode RGB LED. Often, Pi projects use common cathode RGB LEDs because they’re slightly easier to think about electrically. However, in this case all three components can be found in an illuminated rotary encoder which incorporates a common anode RGB LED, and a momentary push button. This is also the reason for the button being wired active-low, contrary to most other examples in this documentation.

For the sake of clarity, the diagram shows the three separate components, but this same circuit will work equally well with this commonly available illuminated rotary encoder instead.

Have a RotaryEncoder, an RGBLED, and Button act as a color picker:

from threading import Event
from colorzero import Color
from gpiozero import RotaryEncoder, RGBLED, Button

rotor = RotaryEncoder(16, 20, wrap=True, max_steps=180)
rotor.steps = -180
led = RGBLED(22, 23, 24, active_high=False)
btn = Button(21, pull_up=False)
led.color = Color('#f00')
done = Event()

def change_hue():
    # Scale the rotor steps (-180..180) to 0..1
    hue = (rotor.steps + 180) / 360
    led.color = Color(h=hue, s=1, v=1)

def show_color():
    print(f'Hue {led.color.hue.deg:.1f}° = {led.color.html}')

def stop_script():
    print('Exiting')
    done.set()

print('Select a color by turning the knob')
rotor.when_rotated = change_hue
print('Push the button to see the HTML code for the color')
btn.when_released = show_color
print('Hold the button to exit')
btn.when_held = stop_script
done.wait()

2.22. Servo

Control a Servo between its minimum, mid-point and maximum positions in sequence:

from gpiozero import Servo
from time import sleep

servo = Servo(17)

while True:
    servo.min()
    sleep(2)
    servo.mid()
    sleep(2)
    servo.max()
    sleep(2)

Use a button to control the Servo between its minimum and maximum positions:

from gpiozero import Servo, Button

servo = Servo(17)
btn = Button(14)

while True:
    servo.min()
    btn.wait_for_press()
    servo.max()
    btn.wait_for_press()

Automate the Servo to continuously slowly sweep:

from gpiozero import Servo
from gpiozero.tools import sin_values
from signal import pause

servo = Servo(17)

servo.source = sin_values()
servo.source_delay = 0.1

pause()

Use AngularServo so you can specify an angle:

from gpiozero import AngularServo
from time import sleep

servo = AngularServo(17, min_angle=-90, max_angle=90)

while True:
    servo.angle = -90
    sleep(2)
    servo.angle = -45
    sleep(2)
    servo.angle = 0
    sleep(2)
    servo.angle = 45
    sleep(2)
    servo.angle = 90
    sleep(2)

2.23. Motors

_images/motor_bb.svg

Spin a Motor around forwards and backwards:

from gpiozero import Motor
from time import sleep

motor = Motor(forward=4, backward=14)

while True:
    motor.forward()
    sleep(5)
    motor.backward()
    sleep(5)

2.24. Robot

_images/robot_bb.svg

Make a Robot drive around in (roughly) a square:

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor
from time import sleep

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

for i in range(4):
    robot.forward()
    sleep(10)
    robot.right()
    sleep(1)

Make a Robot with a DistanceSensor that runs away when things get within 20cm of it:

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor, DistanceSensor
from signal import pause

sensor = DistanceSensor(23, 24, max_distance=1, threshold_distance=0.2)
robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

sensor.when_in_range = robot.backward
sensor.when_out_of_range = robot.stop
pause()

2.25. Button controlled robot

_images/button_robot_bb.svg

Use four GPIO buttons as forward/back/left/right controls for a Robot:

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor, Button
from signal import pause

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

left = Button(26)
right = Button(16)
fw = Button(21)
bw = Button(20)

fw.when_pressed = robot.forward
fw.when_released = robot.stop

left.when_pressed = robot.left
left.when_released = robot.stop

right.when_pressed = robot.right
right.when_released = robot.stop

bw.when_pressed = robot.backward
bw.when_released = robot.stop

pause()

2.26. Keyboard controlled robot

_images/robot_bb.svg

Use up/down/left/right keys to control a Robot:

import curses
from gpiozero import Robot, Motor

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

actions = {
    curses.KEY_UP:    robot.forward,
    curses.KEY_DOWN:  robot.backward,
    curses.KEY_LEFT:  robot.left,
    curses.KEY_RIGHT: robot.right,
}

def main(window):
    next_key = None
    while True:
        curses.halfdelay(1)
        if next_key is None:
            key = window.getch()
        else:
            key = next_key
            next_key = None
        if key != -1:
            # KEY PRESSED
            curses.halfdelay(3)
            action = actions.get(key)
            if action is not None:
                action()
            next_key = key
            while next_key == key:
                next_key = window.getch()
            # KEY RELEASED
            robot.stop()

curses.wrapper(main)

Note

This recipe uses the standard curses module. This module requires that Python is running in a terminal in order to work correctly, hence this recipe will not work in environments like IDLE.

If you prefer a version that works under IDLE, the following recipe should suffice:

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor
from evdev import InputDevice, list_devices, ecodes

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

# Get the list of available input devices
devices = [InputDevice(device) for device in list_devices()]
# Filter out everything that's not a keyboard. Keyboards are defined as any
# device which has keys, and which specifically has keys 1..31 (roughly Esc,
# the numeric keys, the first row of QWERTY plus a few more) and which does
# *not* have key 0 (reserved)
must_have = {i for i in range(1, 32)}
must_not_have = {0}
devices = [
    dev
    for dev in devices
    for keys in (set(dev.capabilities().get(ecodes.EV_KEY, [])),)
    if must_have.issubset(keys)
    and must_not_have.isdisjoint(keys)
]
# Pick the first keyboard
keyboard = devices[0]

keypress_actions = {
    ecodes.KEY_UP: robot.forward,
    ecodes.KEY_DOWN: robot.backward,
    ecodes.KEY_LEFT: robot.left,
    ecodes.KEY_RIGHT: robot.right,
}

for event in keyboard.read_loop():
    if event.type == ecodes.EV_KEY and event.code in keypress_actions:
        if event.value == 1:  # key pressed
            keypress_actions[event.code]()
        if event.value == 0:  # key released
            robot.stop()

Note

This recipe uses the third-party evdev module. Install this library with sudo pip3 install evdev first. Be aware that evdev will only work with local input devices; this recipe will not work over SSH.

2.27. Motion sensor robot

_images/motion_robot_bb.svg

Make a robot drive forward when it detects motion:

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor, MotionSensor
from signal import pause

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))
pir = MotionSensor(5)

pir.when_motion = robot.forward
pir.when_no_motion = robot.stop

pause()

Alternatively:

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor, MotionSensor
from gpiozero.tools import zip_values
from signal import pause

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))
pir = MotionSensor(5)

robot.source = zip_values(pir, pir)

pause()

2.28. Potentiometer

_images/potentiometer_bb.svg

Continually print the value of a potentiometer (values between 0 and 1) connected to a MCP3008 analog to digital converter:

from gpiozero import MCP3008

pot = MCP3008(channel=0)

while True:
    print(pot.value)

Present the value of a potentiometer on an LED bar graph using PWM to represent states that won’t “fill” an LED:

from gpiozero import LEDBarGraph, MCP3008
from signal import pause

graph = LEDBarGraph(5, 6, 13, 19, 26, pwm=True)
pot = MCP3008(channel=0)

graph.source = pot

pause()

2.29. Measure temperature with an ADC

Wire a TMP36 temperature sensor to the first channel of an MCP3008 analog to digital converter:

from gpiozero import MCP3008
from time import sleep

def convert_temp(gen):
    for value in gen:
        yield (value * 3.3 - 0.5) * 100

adc = MCP3008(channel=0)

for temp in convert_temp(adc.values):
    print('The temperature is', temp, 'C')
    sleep(1)

2.30. Full color LED controlled by 3 potentiometers

_images/rgbled_pot_bb.svg

Wire up three potentiometers (for red, green and blue) and use each of their values to make up the colour of the LED:

from gpiozero import RGBLED, MCP3008

led = RGBLED(red=2, green=3, blue=4)
red_pot = MCP3008(channel=0)
green_pot = MCP3008(channel=1)
blue_pot = MCP3008(channel=2)

while True:
    led.red = red_pot.value
    led.green = green_pot.value
    led.blue = blue_pot.value

Alternatively, the following example is identical, but uses the source property rather than a while loop:

from gpiozero import RGBLED, MCP3008
from gpiozero.tools import zip_values
from signal import pause

led = RGBLED(2, 3, 4)
red_pot = MCP3008(0)
green_pot = MCP3008(1)
blue_pot = MCP3008(2)

led.source = zip_values(red_pot, green_pot, blue_pot)

pause()

2.31. Timed heat lamp

If you have a pet (e.g. a tortoise) which requires a heat lamp to be switched on for a certain amount of time each day, you can use an Energenie Pi-mote to remotely control the lamp, and the TimeOfDay class to control the timing:

from gpiozero import Energenie, TimeOfDay
from datetime import time
from signal import pause

lamp = Energenie(1)
daytime = TimeOfDay(time(8), time(20))

daytime.when_activated = lamp.on
daytime.when_deactivated = lamp.off

pause()

2.32. Internet connection status indicator

You can use a pair of green and red LEDs to indicate whether or not your internet connection is working. Simply use the PingServer class to identify whether a ping to google.com is successful. If successful, the green LED is lit, and if not, the red LED is lit:

from gpiozero import LED, PingServer
from gpiozero.tools import negated
from signal import pause

green = LED(17)
red = LED(18)

google = PingServer('google.com')

google.when_activated = green.on
google.when_deactivated = green.off
red.source = negated(green)

pause()

2.33. CPU Temperature Bar Graph

You can read the Raspberry Pi’s own CPU temperature using the built-in CPUTemperature class, and display this on a “bar graph” of LEDs:

from gpiozero import LEDBarGraph, CPUTemperature
from signal import pause

cpu = CPUTemperature(min_temp=50, max_temp=90)
leds = LEDBarGraph(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, pwm=True)

leds.source = cpu

pause()

2.34. More recipes

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