# GPIO Zero: a library for controlling the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins
# Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Dave Jones <dave@waveform.org.uk>
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
# without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
from __future__ import (
unicode_literals,
absolute_import,
print_function,
division,
)
str = type('')
import io
from threading import RLock, Lock
from types import MethodType
from collections import defaultdict
try:
from weakref import ref, WeakMethod
except ImportError:
from ..compat import WeakMethod
import warnings
try:
from spidev import SpiDev
except ImportError:
SpiDev = None
from . import Factory, Pin
from .data import pi_info
from ..exc import (
PinNoPins,
PinNonPhysical,
PinInvalidPin,
SPIBadArgs,
SPISoftwareFallback,
)
SPI_HARDWARE_PINS = {
0: {
'clock': 11,
'mosi': 10,
'miso': 9,
'select': (8, 7),
},
}
[docs]class PiFactory(Factory):
"""
Extends :class:`~gpiozero.Factory`. Abstract base class representing
hardware attached to a Raspberry Pi. This forms the base of
:class:`~gpiozero.pins.local.LocalPiFactory`.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(PiFactory, self).__init__()
self._info = None
self.pins = {}
self.pin_class = None
self.spi_classes = {
('hardware', 'exclusive'): None,
('hardware', 'shared'): None,
('software', 'exclusive'): None,
('software', 'shared'): None,
}
[docs] def close(self):
for pin in self.pins.values():
pin.close()
self.pins.clear()
[docs] def reserve_pins(self, requester, *pins):
super(PiFactory, self).reserve_pins(
requester, *(self.pi_info.to_gpio(pin) for pin in pins))
[docs] def release_pins(self, reserver, *pins):
super(PiFactory, self).release_pins(
reserver, *(self.pi_info.to_gpio(pin) for pin in pins))
[docs] def pin(self, spec):
n = self.pi_info.to_gpio(spec)
try:
pin = self.pins[n]
except KeyError:
pin = self.pin_class(self, n)
self.pins[n] = pin
return pin
def _get_revision(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def _get_pi_info(self):
if self._info is None:
self._info = pi_info(self._get_revision())
return self._info
[docs] def spi(self, **spi_args):
"""
Returns an SPI interface, for the specified SPI *port* and *device*, or
for the specified pins (*clock_pin*, *mosi_pin*, *miso_pin*, and
*select_pin*). Only one of the schemes can be used; attempting to mix
*port* and *device* with pin numbers will raise
:exc:`~gpiozero.SPIBadArgs`.
If the pins specified match the hardware SPI pins (clock on GPIO11,
MOSI on GPIO10, MISO on GPIO9, and chip select on GPIO8 or GPIO7), and
the spidev module can be imported, a hardware based interface (using
spidev) will be returned. Otherwise, a software based interface will be
returned which will use simple bit-banging to communicate.
Both interfaces have the same API, support clock polarity and phase
attributes, and can handle half and full duplex communications, but the
hardware interface is significantly faster (though for many things this
doesn't matter).
"""
spi_args, kwargs = self._extract_spi_args(**spi_args)
shared = 'shared' if kwargs.pop('shared', False) else 'exclusive'
if kwargs:
raise SPIBadArgs(
'unrecognized keyword argument %s' % kwargs.popitem()[0])
for port, pins in SPI_HARDWARE_PINS.items():
if all((
spi_args['clock_pin'] == pins['clock'],
spi_args['mosi_pin'] == pins['mosi'],
spi_args['miso_pin'] == pins['miso'],
spi_args['select_pin'] in pins['select'],
)):
try:
return self.spi_classes[('hardware', shared)](
self, port=port,
device=pins['select'].index(spi_args['select_pin'])
)
except Exception as e:
warnings.warn(
SPISoftwareFallback(
'failed to initialize hardware SPI, falling back to '
'software (error was: %s)' % str(e)))
break
return self.spi_classes[('software', shared)](self, **spi_args)
def _extract_spi_args(self, **kwargs):
"""
Given a set of keyword arguments, splits it into those relevant to SPI
implementations and all the rest. SPI arguments are augmented with
defaults and converted into the pin format (from the port/device
format) if necessary.
Returns a tuple of ``(spi_args, other_args)``.
"""
dev_defaults = {
'port': 0,
'device': 0,
}
default_hw = SPI_HARDWARE_PINS[dev_defaults['port']]
pin_defaults = {
'clock_pin': default_hw['clock'],
'mosi_pin': default_hw['mosi'],
'miso_pin': default_hw['miso'],
'select_pin': default_hw['select'][dev_defaults['device']],
}
spi_args = {
key: value for (key, value) in kwargs.items()
if key in pin_defaults or key in dev_defaults
}
kwargs = {
key: value for (key, value) in kwargs.items()
if key not in spi_args
}
if not spi_args:
spi_args = pin_defaults
elif set(spi_args) <= set(pin_defaults):
spi_args = {
key: self.pi_info.to_gpio(spi_args.get(key, default))
for key, default in pin_defaults.items()
}
elif set(spi_args) <= set(dev_defaults):
spi_args = {
key: spi_args.get(key, default)
for key, default in dev_defaults.items()
}
try:
selected_hw = SPI_HARDWARE_PINS[spi_args['port']]
except KeyError:
raise SPIBadArgs(
'port %d is not a valid SPI port' % spi_args['port'])
try:
selected_hw['select'][spi_args['device']]
except IndexError:
raise SPIBadArgs(
'device must be in the range 0..%d' %
len(selected_hw['select']))
spi_args = {
key: value if key != 'select_pin' else selected_hw['select'][spi_args['device']]
for key, value in pin_defaults.items()
}
else:
raise SPIBadArgs(
'you must either specify port and device, or clock_pin, '
'mosi_pin, miso_pin, and select_pin; combinations of the two '
'schemes (e.g. port and clock_pin) are not permitted')
return spi_args, kwargs
[docs]class PiPin(Pin):
"""
Extends :class:`~gpiozero.Pin`. Abstract base class representing a
multi-function GPIO pin attached to a Raspberry Pi. Descendents *must*
override the following methods:
* :meth:`_get_function`
* :meth:`_set_function`
* :meth:`_get_state`
* :meth:`_call_when_changed`
* :meth:`_enable_event_detect`
* :meth:`_disable_event_detect`
Descendents *may* additionally override the following methods, if
applicable:
* :meth:`close`
* :meth:`output_with_state`
* :meth:`input_with_pull`
* :meth:`_set_state`
* :meth:`_get_frequency`
* :meth:`_set_frequency`
* :meth:`_get_pull`
* :meth:`_set_pull`
* :meth:`_get_bounce`
* :meth:`_set_bounce`
* :meth:`_get_edges`
* :meth:`_set_edges`
"""
def __init__(self, factory, number):
super(PiPin, self).__init__()
self._factory = factory
self._when_changed_lock = RLock()
self._when_changed = None
self._number = number
try:
factory.pi_info.physical_pin(repr(self))
except PinNoPins:
warnings.warn(
PinNonPhysical(
'no physical pins exist for %s' % repr(self)))
@property
def number(self):
return self._number
def __repr__(self):
return 'GPIO%d' % self._number
@property
def factory(self):
return self._factory
def _call_when_changed(self, ticks, state):
"""
Called to fire the :attr:`when_changed` event handler; override this
in descendents if additional (currently redundant) parameters need
to be passed.
"""
method = self._when_changed()
if method is None:
self.when_changed = None
else:
method(ticks, state)
def _get_when_changed(self):
return None if self._when_changed is None else self._when_changed()
def _set_when_changed(self, value):
with self._when_changed_lock:
if value is None:
if self._when_changed is not None:
self._disable_event_detect()
self._when_changed = None
else:
enabled = self._when_changed is not None
# Have to take care, if value is either a closure or a bound
# method, not to keep a strong reference to the containing
# object
if isinstance(value, MethodType):
self._when_changed = WeakMethod(value)
else:
self._when_changed = ref(value)
if not enabled:
self._enable_event_detect()
def _enable_event_detect(self):
"""
Enables event detection. This is called to activate event detection on
pin :attr:`number`, watching for the specified :attr:`edges`. In
response, :meth:`_call_when_changed` should be executed.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def _disable_event_detect(self):
"""
Disables event detection. This is called to deactivate event detection
on pin :attr:`number`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError